Bada Bhaktmaal is a revered devotional text in Hindu literature that celebrates the lives of great saints and devotees (bhaktas) of Lord Vishnu. It is an expanded and detailed version of the original Bhaktamal, a poetic composition written by the saint-poet Nabhadas in the late 16th century.
The term “Bhaktamal” literally means “garland of devotees.” The word “Bada” means “big” or “great,” referring to the extended commentary and detailed explanations added later by Raghavdas. This expanded version became known as Bada Bhaktmaal.
Let’s explore this spiritual masterpiece in a simple and clear way.
🌼 Origin and Background of Bada Bhaktmaal
📜 The Original Bhaktamal
The original Bhaktamal was composed around 1585 by Nabhadas. It was written in Braj Bhasha, a poetic language used widely in devotional literature.
The text consists of about 200 verses (known as chappays) that briefly describe the lives and spiritual greatness of around 200 saints from various regions and traditions of India.
However, the verses were short and poetic. They did not provide detailed biographies.
📘 The Creation of Bada Bhaktmaal
In the 17th century, Raghavdas wrote an extensive commentary on the original Bhaktamal. This detailed version explained:
- The background of each saint
- Their spiritual practices
- Miracles and teachings
- Historical context
Because of its expanded nature, it became known as Bada Bhaktmaal (The Great Bhaktamal).
🕉️ Purpose of Bada Bhaktmaal
The main purpose of Bada Bhaktmaal is to:
- Preserve the stories of Hindu saints
- Inspire devotion (Bhakti) among readers
- Promote unity among different spiritual traditions
- Highlight the power of faith and surrender
It plays an important role in the Bhakti Movement, a devotional revolution that emphasized love for God over rituals and caste divisions.
🌟 Saints Mentioned in Bada Bhaktmaal
4
Bada Bhaktmaal includes saints from different regions and social backgrounds. Some famous saints mentioned include:
- Kabir – Known for his dohas and teachings on unity of God
- Mirabai – A devoted follower of Lord Krishna
- Tulsidas – Author of Ramcharitmanas
- Ravidas – Preacher of equality and devotion
The book does not focus on one sect only. It includes:
- Vaishnav saints
- Shaiva devotees
- Ramanandi saints
- Sant tradition mystics
This makes it spiritually inclusive and socially powerful.
📖 Literary Style of Bada Bhaktmaal
Bada Bhaktmaal is written in:
- Poetic verses (original Bhaktamal)
- Detailed prose commentary (by Raghavdas)
It uses devotional language filled with:
- Symbolism
- Metaphors
- Spiritual imagery
The commentary explains difficult verses in simple language, making it easier for common devotees to understand.
🔥 Importance in Hindu Devotional Tradition
Bada Bhaktmaal holds a special place in North Indian devotional literature. Its importance includes:
1️⃣ Historical Record
It acts as a semi-historical source about Bhakti saints.
2️⃣ Spiritual Inspiration
Devotees read it to strengthen faith and learn about surrender to God.
3️⃣ Social Reform
Many saints described in the text came from lower castes, promoting equality and spiritual democracy.
4️⃣ Influence on Later Literature
It influenced many devotional texts and saint biographies written later.
🏛️ Connection with Bhakti Movement
The Bhakti Movement emphasized:
- Personal devotion to God
- Rejection of caste discrimination
- Simplicity in worship
- Singing and chanting God’s name
Bada Bhaktmaal documents the saints who shaped this movement across India.
📚 Is Bada Bhaktmaal Historically Accurate?
While Bada Bhaktmaal is spiritually important, historians say:
- Some stories may include miracles and legends
- Dates and events are not always precise
- It blends devotion with history
However, its value lies more in spiritual inspiration than strict historical accuracy.
🛕 Where Is Bada Bhaktmaal Read Today?
Bada Bhaktmaal is:
- Studied in traditional Hindu ashrams
- Referenced in Vaishnav monasteries
- Read during satsangs (spiritual gatherings)
- Used by scholars researching Bhakti literature
It remains a respected devotional text in North India.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Who wrote Bada Bhaktmaal?
The original Bhaktamal was written by Nabhadas. The expanded version (Bada Bhaktmaal) was written by Raghavdas.
2. What language is Bada Bhaktmaal written in?
It is written in Braj Bhasha, with commentary in traditional Hindi style.
3. How many saints are mentioned in Bada Bhaktmaal?
Around 200 saints are described in the original text, with detailed expansion in the commentary.
4. Is Bada Bhaktmaal only about Vaishnav saints?
No. It includes saints from different devotional traditions.
5. Is Bada Bhaktmaal a historical book?
It is a devotional text with historical elements, but it includes spiritual legends.
6. Why is it called “Bada” Bhaktmaal?
Because it is the expanded and detailed version of the original Bhaktamal.
🌸 Conclusion
Bada Bhaktmaal is more than just a book. It is a spiritual treasure that preserves the lives of India’s great saints. Through poetic verses and detailed commentary, it inspires devotion, unity, and faith.
Whether you are a scholar, a devotee, or simply curious about Indian spiritual history, Bada Bhaktmaal offers a beautiful glimpse into the rich world of Bhakti tradition.